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Popular Course in this category. Course Price View Course. Adequate number of diagrams and worked out examples have been given to improve the clarity of understanding of the different methodologies and techniques. The contents of the book have been organized into 12 chapters.
Chapter 1 deals with the initial concepts and evolution of software engineering. Chapter 2 deals with the models used for Software Development Life Cycle. Chapter 7 emphasises on software product being developed for the Web Engineering. Chapter 8 covers Testing which is an important quality activity in software engineering. Chapter 9 has been devoted to software project management and special emphasis has been given to software project estimation methods in Chapter Further quality systems and procedures to establish development of high quality, reliable software across an enterprise have been covered in Chapter As we proceed towards the lower levels of abstraction, more and more details are available.
Software designers start the stepwise refinement process by creating a sequence of compositions for the system being designed. Each composition is more detailed than the previous one and contains more components and interactions.
The earlier compositions represent the significant interactions within the system, while the later compositions show in detail how these interactions are achieved. To have a clear understanding of the concept, let us consider an example of stepwise refinement.
Every computer program comprises input, process, and output. This is the first step in refinement. The input phase can be refined further as given here. Ask again:. Refactoring is an important design activity that reduces the complexity of module design keeping its behaviour or function unchanged. Refactoring can be defined as a process of modifying a software system to improve the internal structure of design without changing its external behavior.
During the refactoring process, the existing design is checked for any type of flaws like redundancy, poorly constructed algorithms and data structures, etc. For example, a design model might yield a component which exhibits low cohesion like a component performs four functions that have a limited relationship with one another.
Software designers may decide to refactor the component into four different components, each exhibiting high cohesion. This leads to easier integration, testing, and maintenance of the software components. When the architectural style of a design follows a hierarchical nature, the structure of the program can be partitioned either horizontally or vertically. In horizontal partitioning, the control modules are used to communicate between functions and execute the functions.
Structural partitioning provides the following benefits. Besides these advantages, horizontal partitioning has some disadvantage also. It requires to pass more data across the module interface, which makes the control flow of the problem more complex. This usually happens in cases where data moves rapidly from one function to another. In vertical partitioning , the functionality is distributed among the modules—in a top-down manner.
The modules at the top level called control modules perform the decision-making and do little processing whereas the modules at the low level called worker modules perform all input, computation and output tasks.
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Following are the principles of Software Design Problem Partitioning For small problem, we can handle the entire problem at once but for the significant problem, divide the problems and conquer the problem it means to divide the problem into smaller pieces so that each piece can be captured separately. For software design, the goal is to divide the problem into manageable pieces. Benefits of Problem Partitioning Software is easy to understand Software becomes simple Software is easy to test Software is easy to modify Software is easy to maintain Software is easy to expand These pieces cannot be entirely independent of each other as they together form the system.
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